From: Vincent.Cate@FURMINT.NECTAR.CS.CMU.EDU
Date: Thu, 26 May 94 20:19:00 PDT
To: cypherpunks@toad.com
Subject: Banks and Tax Havens on the net (long)
Message-ID: <770008437/vac@FURMINT.NECTAR.CS.CMU.EDU>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain



>grep -i bank /alex/ch/switch/nic/registry/CH.domains
   BIRAG.CH         Banken- und Industrie-Rechenzentrum AG, Guemligen
   DSK.CH           Datenbank Schweizerischer Kulturgueter, Bern
   SBC.CH           Schweizerischer Bankverein, Basel
   UBS.ARCOM.CH     Union Bank Switzerland, Zuerich
   ZKB.CH           Zuercher Kantonalbank, Zuerich
   GREENNET.CH      Swiss Volksbank, Bern
   SBCCH.CH         Swiss Bank Corporation, Basel

Interesting.  There are Swiss banks on the Internet.  So we can update
/alex/edu/washington/u/stein2/pub/user-supported/phantom/cpunk/swiss.banks
with a few Internet domains.  See below.  


If I run "whois" on Panama, Antigua, or Grenada (a few tax havens) I get 
something interesting.  The output of these is at the bottom of this file.

As Jim Hart mentions below, there is a book called "Tax Havens" by
Hoyt L. Barber that was published in 1993 by McGraw-Hill.  Probably
any local bookstore can order it for you.  I recommend the book.

I will keep this file as:
  /alex/edu/cmu/cs/nectar/furmint/security/banks

Which is also:
  ftp://furmint.nectar.cs.cmu.edu/security/banks

If people send me other interesting and related info, I will add it to 
this file.

  -- Vince
     vac@cs.cmu.edu


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Update of /alex/edu/washington/u/stein2/pub/user-supported/phantom/cpunk/swiss.banks
******************************************************************************


Zuercher Kantonalbank                   
Net: zkb.ch
Tel: 41 1 275 71 11
Addr: Neue Hard 9
      8005 Zuerich, Switzerland

Union Bank of Switzerland          
Net:  ubs.arcom.ch
Adr:  Bahnhofstrasse 45
      8021 Zurich, Switzerland
Tel:  29-4411

Swiss Bank Corporation             
Net:  sbcch.ch
Tel:  23-2323
Addr: Aeschenborstadt 1
      4002 Basel, Switzerland


Swiss Credit Bank
Paradeplatez 8
8021 Zurich, Switzerland
Telephone: 29-2811

Foreign Commerce BAnk
Dept 284
Bellariastrasse 82
8022 Zurich, Switzerland
Telephone: (01) 45.66.88

Foreign Commerce BAnk
Dept 42
3 Rue de Marche
CH-1211
Geneva 3 Rive, Switzerland
Telephone: (01) 21.42.33

Bank Indiana Suisse
Attn: F.C. Mishari
50 Ave. de La Gare
1001 Lausanne, Switzerland
Telephone: 20.47.41

Bank Leu
Postfach
8022 Zurich, Switzerland

Cambio & Valorenbank
Postfach 535
8021 Zurich, Switzerland

Ueberseebank, A. G.
Limmatquai 2
8024 Zurich, Switzerland


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/alex/edu/washington/u/stein2/pub/user-supported/phantom/cpunk/tax.havens
******************************************************************************


Date: Wed Nov 24 21:21:06 1993
From: Jim Hart <hart@chaos.bsu.edu> <hart/daemon>
Subject: Tax Havens on the Net


---------------------
Tax Havens on the Net
---------------------
compiled by James R. Hart

sources:
Internet Connectivity List -- Larry Landweber, U.Wisc.
	ftp.cs.wisc.edu ../connectivity_table   Version 9, 
	August 1993
Hoyt L. Barber, _Tax Havens_, McGraw-Hill 1993

Codes used to  indicate sites in each country with access to 
the Global Multiprotocol Open Internet:

BITNET
b: minimal, one to five domestic BITNET sites
B: widespread, more than five domestic BITNET sites

IP INTERNET
I: = operational, accesible from entire IP Internet
i: = operational, not accesible via the NSFNET backbone

UUCP 
u: minimal, one to five domestic UUCP sites
U: widespread, more than five domestic UUCP sites

FIDONET
f: minimal, one to five domestic FIDONET sites
F: widespread, more than five domestic FIDONET sites

OSI
o: minimal, one to five domestic X.400 sites
O: widespread, more than five domestic X.400 sites          

------------------------
and without further ado:
------------------------

Aruba
net access: ---f-
languages: Papiamento, English, Dutch, Spanish
currency controls: none?
bank secrecy: moderate (numbered accounts not 
	permitted)
preferred legal entities: Aruba Exempt Company, 
	NV (Dutch legal tradition, bearer shares allowed)
taxes: no income tax on AEC or shareholders, no 
	witholding of any kind
tax treaties: none?

Austria
net access: BIOUFO
language: German
currency controls: ??
bank secrecy: good; numbered accounts available
preferred legal entities: limited liability company, stock 
	orporation
taxes: corporate tax.  no bank interest tax.  20% divident 
	ax.
tax treaties: many, OECD model, primarily personal and 
	orporate income
contact: Price Waterhouse, Austria

Barbados
net access: --u--
language: English
currency controls: some (none for offshore banks & 
	nsurance)
preferred legal entities: company, public company, 
	offshore bank, exempt  insurance 
	company, foreign sales corporation , 
	international business company
taxes: income tax offshore banks and international 
	business companies 2.5%, exempt insurance  
	companies and foreign sales corporations none
tax treaties: double-tax treaties with 5 major countries (incl. 
	U.K. & U.S.)

Bermuda
net access: --uf--
language:  English
currency controls: none for nonresidents
bank secrecy:  moderate
preferred legal entities:
                local (conduct business in Bermuda, must be 60% 
		Bermuda owned),
	exempt (only conducts business outside 	
		Bermuda)
		-- min. capitalization US$12,000	
		-- extensive background check on the 
		    principles
taxes: no income, profit, sales, value added, witholding, or 
	capital gains taxes
tax treaties:  no double-tax treaties.  U.S. can be provided
	 with tax information concerning civil & criminal 
	tax cases

Costa Rica
net access: bIuf-
language: Spanish
currency controls: only on local currency, applies only to 
	citizens or legal entities
bank secrecy: good
legal entities: 
	individual enterprise/limited liability
	collective company
	limited partnership	
	limited-liability company
	stock corporation (aka chartered company): most 
	common
taxes: 15% on dividents for some nonresident 
shareholders, moderate corporate
	income, payroll, imort, real estate taxes.  
Exporters exempt from most
	taxes.
tax treaties: no double-tax treaties.  Caribbean Basin 
Initiative exchange-of-information
	agreeement signed but not yet ratified (as of 1/93).

Hong Kong
net access: BI-F-
languages: Cantonese, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate?
preferred legal entity: limited-liability corporation 
	(English common law Companies Ordinance) 
taxes: 16.5% domestic source corporate  income, 15% 
	domestic employment wages, 15%  on domestic 
	property rental income	
tax treaties: no double-tax agreements
n.b.: treaty to return Hong Kong to Communist China in 
	1997

Ireland	
net access: BIUFO
language: English
currency controls: none?
bank secrecy: moderate?
preferred legal entity: noresident company (private 
corporation w/limited liability,
	must conduct operations outside Ireland)
taxes: only on Irish operations
tax treaties: many double-tax treaties
n.b.: those with Irish grandparents can obtain second 
	citizenship

Leichtenstein
net access: ---f-
languages: German, Alemanni
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: excellent
preferred legal entities: allows any type found anywhere 
in the world (!)
	establishment (limited liability, unlimited duration)
	company limited by shares
	foundations and trusts 
taxes:  none for income outside Leichtenstein.  Net worth 
	tax of 0.01% on capital and reserves (min. 1,000 
	Swiss francs), local  resident taxes
tax treaties: not party directly or indirectly to any 
	exchange-of-information agreements
	double-tax treaty exists only with Austria
n.b.: bankers won't assist law enforcement officials with 
	drug, fraud, theft, or tax investigations.  They 
	might assist in money laundering and insider
	trading investigations, informing the customer 
	first.

Luxembourg
net access: bIUFO
languages: Letzeburgesh, French, German, English
bank secrecy: moderate
preferred legal entity: holding company
taxes: holding companies pays only 10% registration fee 
on issued shares and
	0.20% annual capital tax on issued capital bonds.
tax treaties: many double-tax treaties
n.b.: EC member

Malta
net access: --u--
languages: Maltese, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: good
preferred legal entities: offshore notrading, trading, 
banking (overseas, subsidiary, local), insurance, trusts
taxes: nontrading exempt, trading very low
tax treties: many double-tax treaties	
n.b.: EC member

Netherlands
net access: BIUFO
language: Dutch
currency controls: ??
bank secrecy: poor
preferred legal entities: private or public NV (can have 
	bearer shares)
taxes: complex, high (many loopholes for large offshore 
	companies)
tax treaties: many

Panama
net access: b-uFO
languages: Spanish, English
curency controls:  none
bank secrecy: good; numbered accounts permissable
preferred legal entity:  corporation
taxes: none on income generated outside Panama
tax treaties: only on shipping income

Singapore
net access: bIuF-
languages: Malay, Mandarin, Tamil, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate; numbered accounts available
preferred legal entities: private limited company
taxes: none  on dividends, foreign deposit interest, or 
income derived from
	outside Singapore. 	
tax treaties: many	

Switzerland
net access: BIUFO
languages: French, German, Italian, Romansch
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate to good; numbered accounts 
	available 
preferred legal entity: AG (stock company under Laws of 
	Obligation)
taxes: 3.6-9.8% worldwide income tax for operating 
companies, 35% 
	witholding tax on interest and dividends
tax treaties: many double-tax treaties

Vanuata
net access: --u--
languages: Melanesian, French, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: moderate?
preferred legal entities: holding, trading, agency, mgmt. 
service, contracting
taxes: no income or capital gains taxes
tax treaties: none

Western Samoa
net access: --u--
languages: Samoan, English
currency controls: none
bank secrecy: good
preferred legal entities: international company, offshore 
	bank, insurance company
taxes: none for companies under offshore acts
tax treaties: none

If you like having this information, let me know.  Also let 
me know  what other kinds of information you need on tax 
havens and net access; I'd love to be of service.  If you 
have corrections to or additional information for the Tax 
Havens on the Net list, I'd be  happy to add it with full  
attribution (or full privacy, as you prefer).   To preserve 
your privacy, feel free to use anonymous remailers and 
encryption.  My PGP key enclosed below.

James R. Hart			hart@chaos.bsu.edu

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: 2.2

mQCNAiz0Br4AAAEEAJohFjXdkx6i2Mq6nJXdJN+VGupeKwuu1SAiRvsBK7TQ1ajY
d3wEFohbwaHGn3iq7A1//koipvzE5S/C6pPxIAHFeoYOUzeI/cWmh6vsuaF3/lVm
K9lx/L7PyaF8rvd4FOmLqkvs1xk/24S9ZQaBb3cjhLV571NaiPCIc3SPJUKXAAUT
tCJKYW1lcyBSLiBIYXJ0IDxoYXJ0QGNoYW9zLmJzdS5lZHU+
=z2UE
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----


******************************************************************************
whois on a number of interesting countries
******************************************************************************

Panama (Republic of) top-level domain (PA3-DOM)
   PANAMANIAN ACADEMIC NATIONAL NETWORK (PANNET)
   UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA DE PANAMA
   P.O. BOX 6-2894
   PANAMA 6A

   Domain Name: PA
   Domain Status: On Hold Pending Server Activation

   Administrative Contact:
      Lopez, Victor  (VL7)  VLOPEZ@NS.PA
      (507) 64-1771
   Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
      Lezcano, Julio  (JL78)  JLEZCANO%UTPVM1.BITNET@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU
      (507) 64-1771

   Record last updated on 25-May-94.

   Domain servers in listed order:

   NS.PA                        168.77.8.2
   NS.USMA.PA                   168.77.100.2
   NS.CR                        163.178.8.2
   ICM1.ICP.NET                 192.94.207.66

******************************************************************************


Antigua and Barbuda top-level domain (AG-DOM1)
   University of Puerto Rico
   Central Administration Building
   P.O. Box 364984G
   San Juan P.R. 00936

   Domain Name: AG

   Administrative Contact:
      Junquera, Belinda  (BJ2)  b_junquera@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
      (809) 250-0000 ext. 5400 (FAX) (809) 763-6760
   Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
      Ramos, Felix G.  (FGR)  f_ramos@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
      (809) 250-0000 ext. 5454 (FAX) (809) 763-6760

   Record last updated on 28-Apr-94.

   Domain servers in listed order:

   UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU		136.145.1.4

   Top Level domain for Antigua


******************************************************************************


Grenada (Republic of) top-level domain (GD1-DOM)
   University of Puerto Rico
   Central Administration Building
   P.O. Box 364984G
   San Juan P.R. 00936

   Domain Name: GD

   Administrative Contact:
      Junquera, Belinda  (BJ2)  b_junquera@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
      (809) 250-0000 ext. 5400 (FAX) (809) 763-6760
   Technical Contact, Zone Contact:
      Ramos, Felix G.  (FGR)  f_ramos@UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU
      (809) 250-0000 ext. 5454 (FAX) (809) 763-6760

   Record last updated on 28-Apr-94.

   Domain servers in listed order:

   UPR1.UPR.CLU.EDU		136.145.1.4

   Top Level domain for the Republic of Grenada



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