From: Peter Monta <pmonta@qualcomm.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 06:53:07 +0800
To: cypherpunks@toad.com
Subject: Hardware-random-bits interface
Message-ID: <199511142231.OAA25441@mage.qualcomm.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain


I've been thinking about physically random bits recently, so
I'd like to offer a simple, easily implementable interface to a
source of such bits, along with a design sketch using a common
radio receiver chip as the noise source.  The interface consists
of two bits in the standard PC parallel port, one serving as
the data line and the other the sampling clock.

The parallel port, while a bit less universal than RS-232, eliminates
the complexity of UARTs and clock generation and offers higher speed
and friendlier local power.  For an ISA bus running at 8 MHz, bits can
be sampled at about 2.5 Mb/s, i.e., about 300 kB/s.  (The bandwidth of
the noise source should of course be consistent with this.)  Another
advantage of a simple device is that it can be thoroughly inspected:
there is no PLD or microcontroller code to vet/trust.

Not all parallel ports have bidirectional data registers, so the
most general path is to assign a status bit to the input and
use a control bit for the clock output.  I'm using bit 4 of
the status register (pin 13 on the PC's DB-25) as the input
and bit 0 of the control register (pin 1) as the clock.
Specifically, the rising edge of pin 1 should sample the noise
waveform and present the result on pin 13.  (Pin 1 is inverted,
so bit 0 should transition from 1 to 0.)

I'd also like to suggest a device name for the Unix environment,
/dev/prandom, for "physically random".  The intention is that the
bits returned be as raw as possible, as close to the physics as
possible, leaving any debiasing/hashing to other software (for
example, the /dev/random implementation in recent Linux kernels).
(I have a Linux device driver that implements this interface;
it is very simple, needing only to sample the bits, pack them
into bytes, and manage mutual exclusion, filesystem housekeeping,
and probing.)

Here are the particulars of the "dongle" board I'm in the
process of making.

  Noise source:  an FM/IF radio receiver chip, with no input
    supplied, so that the IF amplifier chain produces wideband
    noise at its output.  I'm looking at the Motorola MC13158
    and the Philips SA626.  Each provides about 20 MHz of
    IF bandwidth, and the Motorola part has an on-chip
    comparator, reducing the entire device to two chips:
    the receiver chip and an HCMOS flip-flop.

  Power:  from the port data lines; >=3.5V at about 20 mA is
    available.

  Device probing:  the device should somehow identify itself
    as a random bit generator.  One way to do this is to wire
    one of the parallel port data bits to a status line; for
    example, data bit 0 (pin 2) could be wired to status bit 5
    (pin 12).  Software can then twiddle the data bit and
    watch for the response.

  Cost:  around $10 in parts, I guess.

A rate of 300 kB/s will make a 600 MB one-time pad in an hour
(assuming software is similarly fast).  I'm wondering if any
of the mail systems have convenient hooks to use pads (though
it would not be difficult to write up).

Suggestions welcome.  I'll put the design on the Web
once it's finished; replicating it should be pretty easy.
People can also grab the device driver if they wish.

Cheers,
Peter Monta   pmonta@qualcomm.com
Qualcomm, Inc./Globalstar