From: "E. ALLEN SMITH" <EALLENSMITH@ocelot.Rutgers.EDU>
Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 07:38:15 +0800
To: cypherpunks@toad.com
Subject: Virtual Magistrate Project
Message-ID: <01I257AWTBEEAKTUGH@mbcl.rutgers.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain


	Unfortunately, the below system seems a bit civil liberties-unfriendly
in some ways (deeming laws against "obscenity" ever to be justified, for
instance). On the other hand, it's an arbitration mechanism - which should
have competitors and different contracts using different arbitratiors. Of
course, Phil Agre tends to want the "whole community" involved with stuff
instead of, as is proper in most cases, the people involved. Progressive
liberals... sigh.
	-Allen

From:	IN%"rre@weber.ucsd.edu"  5-MAR-1996 03:35:20.71

[Is this scheme too naive to work?  Well, if we want cyberspace to be
self-governing then surely we need something like this.  What's important,
I think, is legitimacy.  That is, people should regard it as having the
moral stature to actually make judgements and have them stick.  Certainly
*I* think that Bob Gellman is a good person to have in charge of a project
like this.  But it's the whole community's opinions that matter, not just
mine.  Should we have elections on the net for jobs like this?  Or what?]

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Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 10:18:04 -0500 (EST)
From: Paul Evan Peters <paul@cni.org>
To: Multiple recipients of list <cni-announce@cni.org>
Subject: Announcement of the Virtual Magistrate Project

Dear cni-announce subscribers:

Attached please find a press release announcing the establishment
of the Virtual Magistrate Project.  CNI is facilitating discussion
of this project, and I encourage your attention to it.  Let me know
if you have any observations or suggestions that you would like me
to pass on the project's organizers.

Best,

Paul

Paul Evan Peters
Executive Director
Coalition for Networked Information
21 Dupont Circle
Washington, DC 20036

Voice:  202-296-5098
Fax:  202-872-0884
Internet:  paul@cni.org

URL:  ftp://ftp.cni.org/
URL:  gopher://gopher.cni.org:70/
URL:  http://www.cni.org/CNI.homepage.html

PRESS RELEASE    PRESS RELEASE    PRESS RELEASE    PRESS RELEASE

              For Immediate Release, March 4, 1996 

         Virtual Magistrate Established for the Internet

       Voluntary Dispute Resolution for Network Conflicts

     A newly established Virtual Magistrate Project will assist
in the rapid, initial resolution of computer network disputes. 
The specialized system of online arbitration and fact-finding was
announced by Timothy C. Leixner, Chairman of the Board of the
National Center for Automated Information Research (NCAIR) which
is funding the pilot project.  The Fellows of the Cyberspace Law
Institute helped in the development of the project.

     "Millions of people around the world communicate and conduct
business on computer networks," said Mr. Leixner in announcing
the project.  "Disputes are inevitable, and existing courts can
be too slow, too cumbersome, and too local to have global effect. 
We need to explore new forms of dispute resolution, provide
timely relief, and develop appropriate sanctions that are
suitable for worldwide computer networks.  That is the purpose of
the Virtual Magistrate Project."

     A pool of neutral arbitrators with experience in the law and
in the use of computer networks will serve as the Virtual
Magistrates.  The magistrates (who do not have to be lawyers)
will be selected jointly by the American Arbitration Association
and the Cyberspace Law Institute, and will undergo training in
arbitration techniques.  

     Complaints will be accepted through either through
electronic mail or through a form on the Virtual Magistrate's
World Wide Web site.  Internet users, system operators, and
others affected by network messages, postings, and files may be
the source of complaints.  Initially, the Virtual Magistrate will
decide whether it would be reasonable for a system operator to
delete or otherwise restrict access to a challenged message,
posting, or file.  

     Objections may be based on copyright or trademark
infringement, misappropriation of trade secrets, defamation,
fraud, deceptive trade practices, inappropriate (obscene, lewd,
or otherwise violative of local system rules) materials, invasion
of privacy, and other wrongful content.  At a later date, the
Virtual Magistrate may accept complaints about other network-
related activities.

     The need for a fast and accessible resolution of disputes is
highlighted by ongoing litigation involving Netcom On-Line
Communications Services and the Church of Scientology.  The
Church alleged that postings made by a Netcom user infringed on
the Church's copyrights.  The case is before federal district
court, and a lengthy proceeding is expected.  Arbitration though
the Virtual Magistrate Project might have been able to offer an
independent assessment of whether there was infringement.  Prompt
identification of reasonable responses for system operators would
clearly be beneficial to all.  Use of the Virtual Magistrate for
immediate resolution of disputes would not preclude traditional
litigation.

     An impartial magistrate will be assigned to each complaint. 
Proceedings will normally take place through electronic mail. 
The goal is to reach a decision within 72 hours (three business
days) whenever possible.  Information on cases decided by the
Virtual Magistrate will be publicly available at a World Wide Web
site maintained by the Villanova Center for Information Law and
Policy at <http://vmag.law.vill.edu:8080/>.  Other documentation
for the Project is available at the same Web site.

     David Johnson, Co-Director of the Cyberspace Law Institute
said:  "The Virtual Magistrate Project is not a solution to all
network problems.  Some matters will inevitably end up in
traditional courts.  If the Virtual Magistrate Project can
contribute to the swift, inexpensive, and fair resolution of some
disputes, then it will be a success."

       Paul Evan Peters, Executive Director of the Coalition for
Networked Information, a diverse partnership of over two hundred
institutions and organizations promoting the scholarly and
intellectually productive uses of the Internet commented:  "This
project promises an extremely important and much needed
alternative to legislation, contract negotiation, and litigation
for addressing the uncertainties that we should all face together
in the rapidly evolving networked resource and service
environment."

     The Virtual Magistrate Project is a pilot project. 
Adjustments to the rules and procedures will be made based on
experience.  The Project will be evaluated by the participants at
a conference to be convened by NCAIR and CLI in May 1996, and
decisions will be made about finding a more permanent structure
and funding.  NCAIR has made $75,000 available for the operation
of the pilot.

     NCAIR is a non-profit, educational corporation actively
engaged in the study and application of technology to the to the
legal and accounting professions since 1966.  

     The American Arbitration Association (AAA) is a
public-service, not-for-profit organization offering a broad
range of dispute resolution services to corporations, attorneys,
insurers, individuals, trade associations, unions, consumers, and
all levels of government.  AAA has been an international focal
point for private dispute resolution since arbitration became an
acceptable alternative to courts in the 1920s.
     George Friedman, Senior Vice President of AAA said:  "Given
the increasing inaccessibility of the court system and the
explosive growth of online technology, it is quite appropriate
that an effort would be made to develop a means of resolving
disputes simply and quickly online.  The American Arbitration
Association is delighted to be a founding partner of the Virtual
Magistrate Project, which will undoubtedly pave new ground in
advancing alternative dispute resolution."

     The Villanova Center for Information Law and Policy will
maintain a public online repository of Virtual Magistrate
complaints, decisions, and documents.  The Villanova Center will
also maintain electronic discussion groups for magistrates,
participants, and other interested parties, and it will work
jointly with AAA to prepare training materials.  The Villanova
Center is at Villanova University School of Law, near
Philadelphia.


Contacts:
          Virtual Magistrate Project, Robert Gellman, Executive
     Director, 202-543-7923, rgellman@cais.com

          Cyberspace Law Institute, David R. Johnson, 202-496-
     9523, djohns06@counsel.com; David Post, 202-364-5010,
     dpostn00@counsel.com

          Villanova Center for Information Law and Policy, Henry
     H. Perritt, Jr., Professor of Law, 610-519-7078,
     perritt@law.vill.edu

          National Center for Automated Information Research: 
     Timothy C. Leixner, Chairman of the Board, 954-462-3300
     emoleixner@aol.com

          American Arbitration Association:  George Friedman,
     Senior Vice President, 212-484-4120, usadrghf@arb.com

     
Electronic Addresses for the Virtual Magistrate Project

     VM Web Page:             http://vmag.law.vill.edu:8080/
     AAA Web Page             http://www.adr.com
     Complaints:              vmag@mail.law.vill.edu
     Help:                    vmag-question@mail.law.vill.edu
                              vmag-help@mail.law.vill.edu
     VM Operations:           vmag-admin@mail.law.vill.edu
                              vmag-owner@mail.law.vill.edu
     AAA Administrator:       vmag-aaa@mail.law.vill.edu
     VM Executive Director:   rgellman@cais.com