From: Bill Stewart <stewarts@ix.netcom.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Dec 1997 07:51:57 +0800
To: info@galttech.com
Subject: Re: Security of Encrypted Magic Folders
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19691231160000.007076c4@shell15.ba.best.com>
Message-ID: <3.0.3.32.19971207145749.02f64da8@popd.ix.netcom.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain



TUCOWS lists the product with 5 cows.
www.pc-magic.com says ZD Net awarded it 5 stars,
but http://www6.zdnet.com/cgi-bin/texis/swlib/hotfiles/info.html?fcode=000IBY
says it's "Not Rated" as of 10/15/97.

> Sounds like a crock.  See the Snake-Oil FAQ.

Precisely - it looks like they've probably got a friendly user interface,
but doesn't have adequate security.  I'm disappointed that they'd get
a 5-whatevers rating without that quality behind it.

>From the MF.TXT documentation:
>~> CHKDSK won't run with Encrypted Magic Folders installed.  
>~> We disable ChkDsk because it can delete all your invisible files, 
>~> including the file containing your password data.

Sounds like it's playing some game using lost chains or equivalent.
No thanks :-)  But it's actually not a bad place to hide stuff,
if you expect amateurs to break into your system.

>>    EMF's encryption offers good protection and excellent speed.  It
>>    hasn't been broken yet.  It is, as far as we know, exportable. 

"As far as we know" means "We haven't applied for export permission",
which means "so we don't have a clue".  If it _did_ have export permission,
that would imply they'd either had some serious discussion with the Feds,
allowing export of a strong product for limited applications/customers,
or else that it was too wimpy for the Feds to care so they said OK.

>>    Quite a few people ask us how big EMF's key size is.  They've learned
>>    from other encryption programs that the bigger the key the stronger
>>    the encryption.  This really doesn't apply to EMF.

"Yow!  I'm using rot1313131313 with an 8192-bit key!"
With cryptographically strong algorithms, the key length determines
the amount of work required to crack them.  With weak algorithms,
adding longer and longer keys doesn't help any.

>>    We developed our own encryption instead of using a standard because
>>    we wanted EMF to be able to decrypt at the byte level.  In this way
>>    we only need to decrypt/encrypt the data your programs require and
>>    not the entire file.

Not a bad goal, for some applications, like communications.
For encrypting disk files, where you'll typically be grabbing
clusters of 512-8192 bytes at a time, it's unnecessary, and
weakening your encryption just to provide it is a big lose.
For some database applications, it may make sense, but generally
the amount of time required to decrypt a block of disk is
faster than the disk's seek time anyway, and I wouldn't trust a
serious database to a system that won't let you run chkdsk
and requires thought before using scandisk and defragmenters.

>>    In theory, because we decrypt at the byte level, the biggest key we
>>    could use would be 8 bits - which is a joke.  So instead of
>>    decrypting every hunk of data using the same key, as most other
>>    encryption programs do, we developed an algorithm to vary the key
>>    based on the data's location within the file.  In this way we get
>>    both high security and high speed.  We are trying to patent EMF's
>>    encryption method.

Many other algorithms actually provide this capability, typically by
using block chaining algorithms like CBC.  Varying the key based on
location in the file reduces the success of dictionary searches,
if done carefully, but if you're using an algorithm that
has a maximum keysize of the blocksize, anybody who figures out
the way you vary the 8-bit key by location can crack it trivially.
Furthermore, you *didn't* say that the key really was more than
8 bits...

Patenting requires revealing the algorithm, losing any supposed 
security you had by keeping it secret.  So you might as well reveal it now,
and let professional cryptographers take a look at it.

Patenting an algorithm doesn't mean the Patent Office thinks it's any good;
that's beyond their expertise.  It means they believe you when you say
it's new and unique, but with cryptography, there's a large amount of
prior art that's outside the expertise of a typical patent examiner.

>>    Having said all that, truth is, most encryption isn't "cracked" by
>>    breaking the algorithm, it's done by guessing the password.  Brute
>>    guessing of passwords tends to level the playing field tremendously.
>>    We actually have an advantage because we aren't an established
>>    standard.  Because we're small and relatively obscure chances are no
>>    one will take the effort to write a password guessing program (which
>>    incidentally would violate copyright and intellectual property laws.)

Being obscure doesn't help - anybody who's trying to guess the password
already knows the victim is using your program, and can disassemble it.

Anybody who's trying to crack somebody's disk drive without their permission
isn't going to be bothered by violating your clickwrap license,
especially if they're police engaged in legitimate crime fighting
or illegitimate warrantless searches.

>>    Even if someone were to go thru all this effort we could easily
>>    change the encryption method for the next update.
Doesn't help someone whose disk is already encrypted with your product.

>>    If we used an established encryption method like DES or Blowfish then
>>    your files would probably have to be fully decrypted when opened,
>>    would exist on disk as unencrypted while you're using them, and then
>>    would need to be encrypted when closed.  

That's not dependent on the algorithm, it's dependent on the interface
used to get the material off the disk.  Some encryption systems
encrypt the whole file on opening, or at system boot,
while others are file system or disk drivers that
encrypt/decrypt a block at a time and never leave the material unencrypted
on disk.  Surely you'd know that if you wrote such a program yourself.

>>    If you still think you'd like to see us use a standard encryption
>>    method like DES or Blowfish, or have any other suggestions, let us
>>    know and we will consider your input in future updates

If you don't use a standard algorithm, you need to publish the one you use
so people will know if it's any good.  There are a few people who can get
away without doing this, based on their reputation in the field,
but _you're_ not Ron Rivest, and even _he_ got much flak from the community
for keeping RC2 and RC4 trade secret for a while.  If you had the 
academic credentials to get away with it, you'd also know not to make
statements like the ones you make about export and obscurity.

So do the right thing - use algorithms that there's a good reason
to trust, and do the user interface stuff you do well.

				Thanks! 
					Bill
Bill Stewart, stewarts@ix.netcom.com
Regular Key PGP Fingerprint D454 E202 CBC8 40BF  3C85 B884 0ABE 4639